An electric fence keeps dogs, rabbits and other small animals off your property or out of your garden. Planning permission isn't normally required, but it shouldn't impede rights of way.
Control weeds and prune away branches to prevent them from touching the wires and causing short-circuits. Keep weeds down with well-anchored plastic sheeting; herbicidal sprays may corrode the wires.
Check the fence occasionally for cracked or broken insulators; they can cause a short-circuit, especially when fence posts are wet.